Overview

INTRODUCTION

The Malaysia Human Development Index (MHDI) is an index developed by the Department of Statistics Malaysia to evaluate the level of human development which is the main criteria in measuring the progress of a country aside from economic aspects. MHDI comprises three dimensions namely long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living.

PERFORMANCE OF MHDI

The performance of the MHDI score in 2023 was at a very high level of development with a score of 0.816. An analysis by dimension index showed that the highest index score recorded in 2023 was the Gross National Income (GNI) Index with a score of 0.872 (2022: 0.872), followed by the Life Expectancy Index of 0.826 (2022: 0.823) and the Education Index of 0.754 (2022: 0.757). All indices were at a very high level of development except the Education Index at a high level.

Table 1: Malaysia Human Development Index, 2022 and 2023

PERFORMANCE OF MHDI BY STATE

Eight states were at a very high level of development in 2023. The state with the highest MHDI score is W.P. Kuala Lumpur* with a score of 0.890, followed by W.P. Labuan (0.843), Penang (0.839), Selangor (0.837), Melaka (0.822), Negeri Sembilan (0.820), Sarawak (0.813), and Pahang (0.801). Meanwhile, the states that registered a high level of development were Johor (0.796), Perak (0.790), Terengganu (0.782), Kedah (0.770), Perlis (0.770), Sabah (0.766) and Kelantan (0.755).

Chart 1: Malaysia Human Development Index by State, 2022 and 2023

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