There are three ways of measuring GDP:
- GDP based on production approach (also known as value added approach) is the summation of value added, that is total differences between gross output value of resident producing unit (measured at producer price) and value of intermediate consumption (measured at purchaser’s price) plus import duties. The difference between gross output and intermediate consumption is value added. This approach shows the contribution of individual economic activities on overall GDP.
- GDP based on expenditure approach is the summation of Private Final Consumption, Government Final Consumption, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Changes in Inventories and Valuables, Exports of goods & services minus Imports of goods & services. These are termed as `final demand’ or ‘final expenditure’ categories. This approach measures value of goods and services used by final users on goods and services produced by resident.
- GDP based on income approach is the summation of all incomes accruing the production in economy. The income components are Compensation of Employees (i.e. salaries & wages), Gross Operating Surplus (i.e. operating surplus & mixed income) and Taxes less Subsidies on Production and Imports.
GDP by State is a compilation of GDP which covers 13 states and 2 Federal territories in Malaysia. The compilation is only produced at annual basis by using the production approach and it is measured at 2010 constant prices.
System of National Accounts (often abbreviated as "SNA") is an international statistical standard for national accounts, adopted by the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC). The first international standard is being published in 1953. Manual have been released for the 1968 revision, the 1993 revision, and the 2008 revision.
The Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) publishes GDP data for quarterly and annual basis by production and expenditure approaches at current and constant prices. Seasonal adjustment data is also published for quarterly publication. Meanwhile, GDP by income approach is compiled at current prices on annual basis.
On the production side, the details of GDP data are available by economic activities such as:
- agriculture,
- forestry and fishing;
- mining and quarrying;
- manufacturing
- electricity, gas and water;
- construction
- wholesale and retail trade
- restaurants and accommodation
- transport, storage
- communication;
- finance, insurance,
- real estate and business services;
- other services;
- government services;
- import duties;
For the expenditure side, the GDP data are detailed into expenditure categories such as:
- government final consumption expenditure;
- private final consumption expenditure;
- changes in inventories;
- gross fixed capital formation;
- exports of goods and services;
- imports of goods and services;
Meanwhile, GDP by income approach covers:
- compensation of employees,
- gross operating surplus
- taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
The objective of TSA compilation is to analyse in detail all the aspects of demand for goods and services associated with the activity of visitors; to observe the interactions with the supply of such goods and services of tourism within the economy; as well as with other economic activities within or outside Malaysia. TSA initiated in 2003 and Domestic Tourism Survey (DTS) conducted in 2006.
This satellite information focuses on a particular aspect of the economy for example contribution of tourism to the nation. It also permits further linkages to additional information specific to tourism such as employment, overseas tourist numbers and accommodation occupancy statistics. Tourism consists of industries such as transportation, accommodation, food & beverage service activities, recreation, entertainment and travel agencies.
The compilation on Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) of Malaysia are based on Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework (TSA: RMF) 2008 and International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics (IRTS) published by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). The concepts and definitions of TSA are adapted and synchronized according to Malaysia’s need.
Based on the manual of TSA: RMF 2008, Malaysia’s TSA comprises of seven main tables, there are:
Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors
Table 2: Domestic tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors
Table 3: Outbound tourism expenditure by products and classes of visitors
Table 4: Internal tourism consumption by products
Table 5: Production accounts of tourism industry
Table 6: Total domestic supply and intern
Table 7: Employment in the tourism industry
